ინტერვიუ დოქტ.ფრანკ ტრემელთან. 2009

ოქტომმბერი 2009, ჰამბურგი.

interviu kulturis antropologTan doqt. frank tremelTan. H

- CemTvis cnobilia Seni saqarTvelosadmi interesi da misTvis gaweuli samsaxuri gansakuTrebiT bolo TveebSi. Mme vfiqrob qarTuli sazogadoebisaTvis interesmoklebuli ar iqneba SenTan saubari da madlobas gixdi ara marto Cveni dRevandeli interviusaTvis, aramed im TanadgomisaTvis, rac Cvens mimarT gansakuTrebiT omis Semdgom periodSi gamoiCine.

pirvel rigSi madloba minda gadagixadoT, rom SesaZlebloba momeca im qveynis kulturaze saubrisa, romelsac, miuxedavad mZime gamowvevebisa, ara mxolod kacobriobis warsulis winaSe aqvs damsaxureba, aramed momavali sulieri ganviTarebisaTvisac udidesi mniSvnelobis mqonea. SesaZloa es paTetikurad JRerdes, magram kacobrioba yalibdeba ara mxolod logosiT, aramed Cveni tkiviliTa da gansacdeliT. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, saqarTvelo aris qveyana, romelic Cven adamianad yofnis…emociur ganzomilebas warmogvidgens.

jordano bruno kacobriobis tanjvisa da gansacdelis metafizikur sazriss, upirveles yovlisa, poetur sinamdvileSi povebda. nikoloz baraTaSvilisa da vaJa fSavelas saqarTvelo, iqneb ufro metia, vidre „individualuri yofis heroikuli vnebaTaRelvebis“ italia. osip mandelStami wers „heroikuli sinazis“ Sesaxeb Tavis „oriode sityvaSi qarTuli xelovnebis Sesaxeb“. amiT ar minda Tavi komfortul mdgomareobaSi moviqcio da maidealizirebuli saxotbo sagalobeli vTqva qarTvelebis satkivarze. es zereloba iqneboda CemTvis. mis sanacvlodM saubris msvlelobisas iqneb SevZloT im kavSirebisken mivmarToT Cveni yuradReba, romlebic emociur sferosa da kulturas Soris arsebobs.

- Seni samuSao sfero aris istoriuli antropologia, gvsurs gavigoT Sengan cotaodeni imis Sesaxeb, Tu riTi xar dakavebuli.

faqtiurad am kiTxvas nawilobriv ukve Sevexe. me mainteresebs, Tu rogor iqcevian ganwyobilebebi cxovrebis istoriul yaidad, Tu rogor iZenen formas Cveni emociebi. es aris mTavari SekiTxva istoriul kulturantropologiaSi da es Cemi kvlevis sagania. Cemi interesi upirvelesad mimarTulia ara logosis Suqisaken, ara wminda ideisaken, aramed imisaken, rac Tundac rogorc goeTem aRwera erTxel, rodesac ambobda, miwieri narCenis tareba uxerxuliao.

anu, me mainteresebs istoriuli gamocdilebebi, romlebsac Cven sasruli arsebebi movipovebT maSin, rodesac Cveni suli zegrZnobadiSi gaRwevas cdilobs. me msurs ideis dakonkretebis (gansxeulebis) process gavyve da davakvirde mas. kvlav sinaTlis metaforas rom mivmarToT, veZeb iseT istoriul prizmebs, romelSic logosis sinaTle gardatydeba da kulturuli speqtris ferebs gaSlis. “ferTa anareklSia Cveni sicocxle”, kvlav faustis piriT metyvel goeTes moviSvelieb. grigol robaqiZe, romelic goeTes Zalian afasebda, mianiSnebda, rom mze saqarTveloSi sicocxlis sinonimad aRiqmeba. yoveli arsebiTi movlena ki mzis sinaTleSi iRebs saTaves. “yvelaferi” qarTulad niSnavs “yvela-fers”, xom asea?

qarTvelebisaTvis Tvali ara marto mziania, ise rogorc es platonTanaa, aramed Tavad aris mze; qarTveli mevenaxe ambobs, -„yurZeni SeiTvala“, „Tvali Cavarda yurZenSi“. modi, ase vTqvaT: me upirvelesad mainteresebs upirvelesad ferebi da mtevani. Tanamedove xelovnebaTmcodneobis enaSi mopovebulia, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, is mediumebi, zogadad kulturis arsebobis saSualebas rom iZleva.

grZnoba da vizioneruli zmanebebi da maTi xelovnebis mediumalur saSualebebad gardasaxva ki ar marcxdeba xelovnebis nawarmoebis Seqmnisas, aramed esTetikuri Wvreta, romelic Tavs iCens ukve grZnobadi gamoxatvis saSualebebis SuamavlobaSi da WeSmarit xelovans gamoarCevs“.

am sivrceSi Cven ar SeveyrebiT sulierebas, Tu Tamaz buaCiZis gamonaTqvams daveyrdnobiT, platoniseuli ontologiis zegrZnobad arsTa saxiT, Tumca ki _ arc utilitaruli moTxovnebis mniSvnelobiT. mediumi, umal, obieqturobis erTgvari formaa, romelic „sakuTari Tavis daviwyebasa“ da sagnis mis obieqturobaSi ganWvretas gulisxmobs. yovelive es kognitiuri, esTeturi da eTikuri Semecnebis aqtiT xorcieldeba.

-Seni fundamentaluri codna saqarTvelos istoriasa da kulturaze, informaciuloba mimdinare movlenebze, rasac aseve gvinda dRes SevexoT, kvlav da kvlav maocebs, maSin rodesac Sen mxolod erTxel mokle xniT stumrobdi saqarTvelos. manamde ki, minda gkiTxo, ram gamoiwvia Seni saqarTveloTi daintereseba?

me aRmosavleT evropis sivrce adrec yovelTvis mainteresebda. igi gamudmebiT cocxlobda CemSi, rogorc Cumi monatreba. Cemi Taoba garkveulwilad CamoWrili iyo germanuli kulturis aRmosavlur fesvebs. dasavleT germanuli kultura yovelTvis saocrad provinciuli iyo. Crdilo amerikulma galenam es kidev ufro gaamyara. centraluri evropa, romelic erT dros mWidro kulturul urTierTkavSirSi iyo aRmosavleT evropasTan, mxolod gimnaziis gakveTilebze iyo mcire ulufiT xelmisawvdomi, roca, magaliTad, saqme kafkas praRas Seexeboda. Cveni kulturis istoriuli kavSirebi baltiis qveynebTan, bukovina, galicia, ruseTi da saqarTvelo, CvenTvis sruliad ucnobi, terra incognita iyo.

Cemi interesi warmoiSva 80-ian wlebSi, studentobisas. me gatacebiT vkiTxulobdi georg lukaCs da mindoda ufro meti Semetyo ungreTze. mogvianebiT amas daemata Cemi interesi „praRis gazafxulis“ moazrovneebze, aseve poloneTze, romelTa Sorisaa magaliTad leSek kolakovski. „perestroikis“ droidan, rusulma kulturamac SemoaRwia Cvens SemecnebaSi. es ukanaskneli sxvaTaSoris adrec mainteresebda. Cemi idumali mentori am mxriv alfred veberi iyo.

„haidelbergeris sulma“ jer kidev pirveli msoflio omis Semdeg bevri aRmosavleTevropeli miizida. alfred veberi praRaSi aswavlida. maqs brodi da kafka misi mowafeebi iyvnen. ase daarsda, magaliTad, 1910 wels „logosi“ _ kulturis filosofiis saerTaSoriso Jurnali, romelsac paraleluri sagamomcemlo filialebi ruseTsa da litvaSic hqonda. es yvelaferi kvlav da kvlav Semodioda Cems cnobierebaSi. inspirirebuli viyavi centraluri evropis naxevrad miTologiuri, romantiuli ideiT, rasac sxvaTaSoris 80-ian wlebSi bevri inteleqtuali praRaSi, budapeStsa da varSavaSi did drosa da Zalisxmevas uTmobda.

saqarTvelo CemTvis jer mxolod erTerTi saxeli iyo, romelsac gansakuTrebuli aura hqonda, magram _ CemTvis jerac bundovani. mxolod 90-ian wlebSi Sevityve, Tu ra mWidrod iyo saqarTvelo germaniasTan dakavSirebuli 1918 wels, pirveli socialisturi respublika saqarTveloSi, ase Tu ise, germaniis mxardaWeriTac Seiqmna, bevri qarTveli inteleqtuali swavlobda germaniaSi.

manamde mxolod gagonili mqonda, rom qarTvelebs filosofiaSi, gansakuTrebiT antropologiaSi, kulturis filosofiasa da eTikis sferoSi 60-ian wlebSi bevri iseTi namuSevari hqondaT Seqmnili, mogvianebiT, „axali azrovnebis“ dros perestroikis xanaSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba rom mieniWa. magram es teqstebi enobrivi barieris gamo miuwvdomeli iyo da Cveni informacia mxolod gadmocemebiT Semoifargleboda. Cemi interesi, arc studentobis Semdgom wlebSi ganelebula. Cemi mokle stumroba 2007 wels TbilisSi iyo Cemi ocnebis asruleba. ar iyo gulis gatexvis arc erTi momenti. es iyo erTgvarad dabruneba im adgilas, romlisac yovelTvis mwamda.

-rogorc vici, amJamad dakavebuli xar dimitri uznaZis naSromebiT. ra miznebi gaqvs? ra gainteresebs uznaZis SemoqmedebaSi?

istoriul mecnierebebTan da eTnologiasTan erTad, istoriuli antropologiisaTvis fsiqologia warmoadgens erTerT im fundamentur mecnierebas, romlis epistemologiasTan dakavSirebiTac dRemde kamaTi mimdinareobs. uznaZe, romelmac germaniaSi 1909 wels haleSi rus filosofos vladimer soloviovze disertacia daicva, xolo mogvianebiT laibnicze da anri bergsonze gamoaqveyna monografiebi, Tavis naSromebSi kvlav da kvlav fsiqologiis filosofiuri safuZvlebis moZiebas cdilobda.

eduard kuduas mier momzadebuli gamocemaSi aris Tavmoyrili uznaZis filosofiuri Sromebi. dimitri uznaZis SromebSi centraluri adgili „ganwyobis“ cnebas uWiravs (rus. „ustanovka“, engl. „set“). am sityvis franguli Targmani „attitude“ uaxlovdeba germanul „Haltung“ -s, romelsac germanul kulturis antropologiaSi erTerTi centraluri adgili ukavia.

aq laparakia ara mxolod individualur fsiqologiur kategoriaze, aramed fundamentalur antropologiur xedvaze, rac kulturis sferoSic SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebili. gansakuTrebuli damsaxureba aqvs uznaZis mowafes angia boWoriSvils, romelmac uznaZeze dayrdnobiT mravlismomcveli filosofiuri anTropologia Camoayaliba. es, ra Tqma unda, TqvenSi yvelasaTvis cnobilia.

me mainteresebs am sawyisis kulturul antropologiuri Sedegi. maSin rodesac CvenTan 60-ian wlebSi filosofiuri antropologia Cakvda, TqvenTan is grZeldeboda. samwuxaroa mxolod, rom exla Cven amiT isev davinteresdiT, roca es saqarTveloSi, rogorc sCans aRaravis ainteresebs.

filosofiis institutis biblioTekaSi pirobebi, romlebSic angia boWoriSvilis naSromebia moTavsebuli, gansakuTrebiT is nawili, sadac germanul filosofiur kulturasTan kavSirebzea saubari, katastrofulia. yofili uznaZis instituti aseve Zalze cud mdgomareobaSia. internetSi SesaZlebelia naxva videosi, romelSic axalgazrda qali naxevrad dangreul SenobaSi bernhaimis damtveril „istoriuli meTodisa da istoriis filosofiis saxelmZRvanelos“ furclavs.

uznaZem es wignebi, romlebic maSin yvelaze Tanamedrove standartebs Seesabameboda, germaniidan saqarTveloSi Camoitana. sad aris Tanamedrove daviT sarajiSvili, romelic am memkvidreobas mixedavda? exla, ramdenadac vici, arsebobs uznaZis kerZo instituti, magram uznaZis da boWoriSvilis memkvidreobis mdgomareoba amiT ukeTesi ar aris.

-Sen dakavebuli xar dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis urTierTobis sakiTxebiT. am Temas bolo xanebSi ufro da ufro meti yuradReba eTmoba, magram aseve matulobs gaugebrobebi. ratom aris es ase? exlandel droSi damaxasiaTebelia am problematikisadmi farTo midgoma. rogorc viciT aRmosavleT-dasavleTis Temas adrec Seexnen SenTvis cnobili avtorebi, k. gamsaxurdia, g. robaqiZe, g. qiqoZe, manamde mTeli samocianelebi, mogvianebiT, rom gamovtovoT sxvadasxva avtorebi, mamardaSvili Tu sxv. es Tema mravaljer damuSavda me-20 saukuneSi. ase gamodis, rom aRmosavleT-dasavleTis problema mudmivad arsebobs. ra daemata amas Cvens droSi?

aRmosavleT-dasavleTis winaaRmdegobebi kacobriobis kulturuli diferenciaciis yovlismomcveli procesebis nawilia. garkveulwilad paradoqsia, rom roca adamiani aRar miekuTvneba zoologiur kategorias da, rogorc amas osvald Spengleri ambobda, medialuri gamocdilebis sivrceSi aRmoCndeba, winaaRmdegobebi ufro TvalsaCino xdeba. problemas ra Tqma unda mravali aspeqti aqvs, magram me meCveneba, rom Cven mivediT iseT wertilamde, sadac mxolod realizmze dafuZnebul eqstencionalur logikas ar unda daveyrdnoT.

Cven kulturebis, rogorc semanturi fenomenebisDdiferenciacia seriozulad unda miviRoT. sasicocxli procesSi lokaluri enebis bundovaneba da mravalmniSvnelovneba aris SemoqmedebiTi sicocxlis sawindari. enaTmecnieri guram ramiSvili amasTan dakavSirebiT Zalian mniSvnelovan momentebs aRniSnavda. isic marTalia, rom CvenTan aseT fenomenebs Zalian swrafad nacionalizms an regionalur idiosinkrazias miaweren. aRmosavleT evropaSi, sadac yovlis manivelirebuli „internacionalizmis“ Sedegebi kvlav cocxladaa mexsierebaSi, aseT sakiTxebis mimarT ufro mgrZnobiareni arian.

amiT, me ra Tqma unda aranair SezRudul lokalur patriotizmze ar vlaparakob. sxvaTaSoris, es aris kulturologi alfred veberis erTerTi didi damsaxureba, rom man gansxvavebebi „civilizaciis procesebsa“ da „kulturul moZraobas“ Soris tradiciulad arsebuli konservatorul-pesimisturi konotaciebisagan gawminda da amiT globalizaciis procesebis Sesaswavlad jansaRi instrumenti Seqmna.

ase rom, aRmosavleT-dasavleTis winaaRmdegobebs aqvs sxvadasxva ganzomileba. es aris kulturaTa Zalian damuxtuli Sexvedra, romelic sivrceebis geopolitikur formirebis safuZvelSia da erTi mTliani globaluri civilizaciis ganviTarebis procesebTan erTad mimdinareobs. sabolood, es aris erTi Tavi, kacobriobis cnobierebis istoriisa, saTauriT „kultura da Zalaufleba“.

-Sen mTeli ZalisxmeviT, ise rom saqarTveloSi bevrs, ufro swored aravis, arc SeumCnevia icavdi saqarTvelos 2008 wlis agvistos Semdeg Seqmnil rTul dros. werdi sxvadasxva instituciebs, gverdSi gvedeqi. ra STabeWdileba dagrCa am yvelafridan? rogor reagirebda germaniis sazogadoeba?

mTlianobaSi is Zalze mwirad reagirebs. ეs dakavSirebulia Cems mier zemoT aRweril provincializmTan. 1989 wlis Semdeg germanelebis sasicocxlo samyaro (areali) arapolitikurad aris globalizirebuli. faqtiurad dasavleT germanelebs aqvT SerZneba, rom yvelaferi isev isea, oRond ufro internacionaluri, ufro Wreli, ise, rom SvebulebisaTvis meti samogzauro miznebi SeiZleba hqondeT. iseve rogorc Cven Cvens Sida politikaSi sagareo politikaSic ufro da ufro centristebi vxdebiT.

es mravalmxiv iluzorulia, radgan Cven msoflio politikis WidilSi varT da _ Zalismieri politikis ufro da ufro metad monawile. me vgrZnobdi, Tu rogor gadaizrdeba Cveni „sakvirao liberalizmi“ sul ufro da ufro sruliad tradiciul imperializmSi. amasTan dakavSirebiT araviTari iluziebi ar unda arsebobdes. Cven isev vcxovrobT imperializmis epoqaSi, sadac, rogorc alfred veberis ityoda, „ganvlili istoria mTavrdeba“.

me-19 saukunis imperialisturad gaberil Zalismier saxelmwifos sul ufro da ufro uCndeba bzarebi da axali epoqis gamowvevebs sruliad aRar Seesabameba. rac Seexeba am konkretul შekiTxvas, germanelebi aSS-s mimarT kritikulni arian, iseve rogorc es Tavis droze aleqsis de tokvili iyo. rusebTan damokidebulebaSi arsebobs undoblobisa da idealizaciis raRac narevi. rusma filosofosma feodor stepunma, romelic haidelbergSi swavlobda da maqs veberTan da georg zimelTan erTad Jurnal „Logos“ daafuZna, xolo 1926-1937 wlebSi drezdenSi moRvaweobda rogorc kulturologi, jer kidev 1930 wels gamoikvlia „germanuli sovietofiliis formebi“, rasac dRes kidev sxva gamokvlevac SeiZleboda mimateboda. es naivuroba korespondirebs aseve aranakleb problematur uiisnteresobas aRmosavleT evropis kulturuli miRwevebis mimarT rusebis CaTvliT. ase rom, ra unda vTqva, Cven aq Rrma provinciaSi vcxovrobT.

- Sen Tvals adevnebi qarTul politikurad cxel gazafxuls. ra STabeWdileba dagrCa? rogor Canda es ase vTqvaT „gareSeTaTvis“?D

es cxeli gazafxuli aq sakmaod civad iqna morTmeuli da umetesi germanelebisaTvis SeSfoTebis safuZvels warmoadgenda. maSin, rodesac gasuli wlis agvistoSi, simpaTia nawilobriv saqarTvelos ekuTvnoda, axla gaCndaa STabeWdileba, rom saqarTvelo Crdilo amerikis proteqtoratis qveS myofi korumpirebuli „bananis respublikaa“.

qarTuli opozociuri moZraobisaTvis saxelmwifos krizisi namdvilad ver iqneba momgebiani, igi iseTive mentalur inflacias ganicdis, rogorc xelisufleba. qarTvelebi TavianT sakuTar wvenSi ixarSebian. qarTvelebisaTvis aseTi damaxasiaTebelia Teatraloba da TviTironia, romelic performansSi sublimireba. qarTvelebis ritorikuli niWi, rogorc ernesto gaasi italiis renesansuli humanizmis magaliTze aCvenebda, yvela politikuri erTobis mniSvnelovani komponentia. yvelaferi es brunavs ganukurnebel narevSi, undoblobisa da Warbi ritorikisagan rom Sedgeba.

კargi gagebiT qarTvelebis paTetikurobas Wirdeba formaSi moqceva, raTa paTosi paTologiaSi ar gadaizardos. AamisaTvis sxvaTaSoris filosofiuri kultura da istoriuli antropologia warmoadgenen mniSvnelovan iaraRs, ase vTqvaT Sensus Communis-is instruments. magram sanam bernhaimis saxelmZRvanelo (visTvisac, sxvaTaSoris, istoriuli faqtebis codnasTan erTad warmosaxvisa da xelovnebis codnas hqonda didi mniSvneloba) damtverili Zvel Taroebzea Semodebuli, politikur-moraluri fantaziasac, romelsac qarTvelebi Zalian saWiroeben, cota Sansebi eqneba. mainc nu davamTavrebT pesimisturad. neba momeci alfred veberis citata moviyvano: „magram Cven (...) SegviZlia Cvens Tavs vuTxraT, rom yoveli Cvengani raRacas niSnavs (...) ara Tavisi saqmianobiT, aramed upirveles yovlisa Tavisi arsebobiT. Mravali akiafebuli naperwkali erTad anaTebs da TiToeulis mier gaRebuli mcire siTbo garSemo aTbobs. Tqven iyinebiT da geSiniaT Tqveni dRevandeli yofisa. arada, yovel Tqvengans aqvs SesaZlebloba es Secvalos.“

-saqarTveloSi ufro da ufro xSirad gaismis msjelobebi globalizaciaze da saqarTvelos rolze Tanamedove globalur samyaroSi, mimdinareobs diskusiebi qarTvelebis liberalizmze, qarTvelebis identurobaze, yoveldRiurobis kulturaze, sxvadasxva fobiebze Tu Jurnalistur eTikaze. SegviZlia es Temebi gavaerTianoT da gviTxra Seni azri, rogori iyo globalizacia „guSin“, vTqvaT 80-90-ian wlebSi da rogoria is dRes? Cemi dakvirvebiT saqarTveloSi Zalian gvian daiwyo am Temaze saubari da xom ar xdeba ise, rom Cven „guSindelze“ vsaubrobT da raRac mniSvnelovans vtovebT uyuradRebod?

es Zalian komleqsuri Temaa, magram me mainc Sevecdebi kulturis antropologiis TvalTaxedvidan gamomdinare vupasuxo. Tu Cven liberalizms Tavis konkretul istoriul, nacionalur da politikur partiebis mantias SemovacliT da erTgvarad SiSveli mefesaviT daviyenebT win, aRmovaCenT, rom is ganasaxierebs dasavluri racionalisturi racionalizmis mier Sobil abstraqtuli universalizmis ideologias. is individums aTavisuflebs tradiciuli kavSirebisagan da amdenad globaluri cnobierebis Camoyalibebis mentaluri Zravia. amaSi devs, rogor me vfiqrob misi mniSvnelobisa da gamarTlebis relatiuroba. CvenTan liberalizmis amYZiriTadma struqturam 60-iani wlebidan moikida fexi. magram maSindeli samyaro gajerebuli iyo msoflmxedvelobebiT sxva mimdinareobebiT da igi „lagam amodebuli“ iyo.

magram liberalizmi ZiriTadad negatiuri emansipaciis moZraobaa. negatiuri im gagebiT, rom is raRacisagan “Tavisuflebaze” da ara raRacisaTvis “Tavisuflebaze” saubrobs. warmoSobiT rigidan, dRes did britaneTSi moRvawe cnobili filosofosi, ideebis istorikosi isaia berlini amitomac saubrobs “negatiuri Tavisuflebis” konceptze, rodesac is liberalizms aRwers. “negatiuri Tavisufleba” aris, sadac fiqroben, rom vefxvs da cxvars erTi da igive ufleba hqonia Tavisuflebaze da es Seucvlelia, magram aviwydebaT, rom vefxvi cxvars Wams”, - ase upasuxa berlinma iraneli filosofosis jahanbeglos SekiTxvaze “negatiur da pozitiur Tavisuflebis” Taobaze.

es niSnavs, rom individi konkretuli kulturuli eTnoformebidan aris gamoxsnili da TiTqosda bunebriv Tavisuflebas aris mindobili. es aris, mokled rom vTqvaT, Cveni amJamindeli mdgomareoba. warsulSi TiTqmis yvela kultura lokaluri an regionaluri moralis formas warmoadgenda. globalizaciaSi adamianTa uflebebis universaluri postulatebTan erTad inkluziurad aris mocemuli individumis gaTavisufleba am kavSirebisa da movaleobebisagan, igi kulturebs iTmens mxolod rogorc folklors da gamudmebiT idiosinkreziis braldebis eWvqveS aqcevT maT.

berlinic aRiarebda, rom es ar aris sakmarisi. is eZebs raime gamawonaworobels negatiur da pozitiur Tavisuflebas Soris. imisaTvis, rom liberaluri Tavisufleba socialur darvinizmamde ar davides, misi SezRudva unda moxdes. amitomac berlini mimarTavs swored im kulturul faseulobebs, romlebsac liberaluri universalizmi Slis. liberalebs eSiniaT im jinisa, romelic boTlidan gamouSves, magram im tradiciul jadosnur sityvebs, rac mas ukan Caabrunebda, Zala aRara aqvs. liberalizmi anadgurebs kulturebs da aRviraxsnili Tavisuflebis xelaxla dabma undaT, es ki amouxsneli paradoqsia. da raxan qarTvelebi vefxvebi ar arian, liberalizms maTvis is saSiSroebebi moaqvs, romelTa daufaseblobac ar SeiZleba.

CemTvis araa mTavari tradiciuli kulturebisa da Rirebulebebis apologia. me viReb globalizaciis axal situacias. isic gasagebia, rom qarTvelebs individualuri uflebebis mopoveba surT. magram me sruliad darwmunebuli var imaSic, rom liberalizmi swori amocanis araswori cnobierebaa. liberalizmi marcxdeba intersubieqtivizmis problemasTan. mas ar SeuZlia sxvebis problemis gadawyveta. risTvis arsebobs sxva ego saerTod da ra mniSvneloba aqvs mas? iseTma radikalma liberalma, rogoricaa fridrix a. haieki Tanmimdevrulad iseTi cnebebic ki, rogoricaa kacobrioba da sazogadoeba, saerTod uaryo.

arsebobs, mxolod „me“ da sxva yvelaferi sazRvaria, negatiuri gansazRvrulobaa. Tu ar moxerxdeba Cems „me“-Si erTgvari sayrdenis moZebna, romelic sxva adamianebiskenaa mimarTuli, sayrdeni, romelic kacobriobas Cems „me“-Si aRniSnavs, maSin „RmerTma dagvifaros“. swored es aris germanuli idealizmis problemac da mis Semdgom ganviTarebuli filosofiuri anTropologiisac. aq ar minda filosofiur detalebSi CaRrmaveba. germaneli filosofosi hasn georg gadamerma es sakiTxi Semdegnairad daaxasiaTa: „rogor SegviZlia Cven, sazrisis matarebel da zneobriv arsebebs, romlebic erTi mxriv, marTulni varT bunebrivi instiqtebiT da maT vemorCilebiT, meore mxriv ki, Cveni ideebis makontrolebeli Zalmosileba gvamoZravebs, movZebnoT is wonasworobis wertili, romelSic Cveni adamianuri bunebis kanoni aRsruldeba“.

filosofiuri kulturuli antropologia saboloo jamSi aris calkeul kulturaTa struqturisa da masSi erTmaneTSi gadajaWvuli grZnobaTa da zneTa gagebis mcdeloba. am kavSirebis winsvlis ganmsazRvreli momenti aris adamianebis fantazia, romelic Tavis ZalisxmevaSi esTetikur, rac igivea, kulturuli procesebis formadqmnad raobas ayalibebs. swored es normatiuli sasicocxlo formebi, rogorc zRvruli anTropologiuri fenomenebi grZnobismier da zneobrivs Soris, magram aseve sasrulsa da usasrulos, tradiciasa da utopias Soris aTvalsaCinoebs sociomoralurs, rogorc sasazRvro anTropologiur fenomens: adamiani sakuTar Tavs mudmivad arapirdapir xvdeba. igi ganmaSualebelzea damokidebuli.

es aris sakuTrivis gaucxoveba, gamudmebiT Cveuli toposidan gadabijeba, anu proeqciuli goni, romelic, sabolood, msoflio sazogadoebas ayalibebs. ramdenadac adamiani sasruli, anu, droSi organizirebuli arsebaa, is saWiroebs kulturas, anu konkretul da TvalsaCino sasicocxlo formebs. am dialeqtikas Cven Tavs ver davaRwevT. konkretuli universalizmisaTvis aseTive universaluri partikularizmi unda arsebobdes. es aris vaJa fSavelas anTropologiac. is wertili, sadac individumSi kacobrioba warmodgeba, aris Cveni Zala SekavSirebisa, Cveni fantazia.

es problema, rom liberalizmze gadmovitanoT, niSnavs, rom Tu Tavisufleba amavdroulad Tavisuflebis kulturul pirobebs ar warmoSobs, maSin igi mTavrdeba TavisuflebiT araraSi. maSin rodesac Cven bolosda bolos emansipacia SevZeliT, Cndeba SegrZneba, rom uhaero oTaxSi vsunTqavT. uwonadobis es mdgomareoba momakvdinebelia. zurab qarumiZemYerTerT Tavis werilSi qarTvelebis esTetizmze skeptikuri damokidebuleba gamoxata. is axasiaTebs erebs danielii filosofosis kirkegorze dayrdnobiT, moraluri, religiuri da esTeturi TvalsazrisiT. magaliTebad mas mohyavs: moralis TvalsazrisiT germania, religiurobis TvalsazrisiT ruseTi da esTeturobis mxriv saqarTvelo.

cnobilia, rom aseTi tipologiebi kamaTs iwvevs. miuxedavad amisa me masSi WeSmaritebis marcvals davinaxavdi. amasTan erTad mgonia, rom swored qarTvelebis esTeturi svla samyaroSi SesaZlebels xdis maT sasicocxlo xelovnebas da maT SesaZleblobas aZlevs, daZlion negatiur da pozitiur TavisuflebaTa winaaRmdegoba. iqneb, qarTvelebi isini arian, vinc rogorc amas fridix Sileris proeqti iTvaliswinebda „esTeturi saxelmwifos“ Sesaxeb, saxelmwifo interesamde unda aamaRlon. adamianuri unari TamaSisa Cvens Tavisuflebas afuZnebs. TamaSSi, romelSic fantazia Tavisuflebasa da garduvalobas akavSirebs, axali kulturuli formebi da adamianuri kavSirebis axali formebi yalibdebaeba.

jer kidev giorgi erisTavma, qarTvelma mweralma da dramaturgma gamoiyena Sileris leqsebi imisaTvis, rom mis mier wamoyenebuli saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mowyobis momavlis xedvebi gamoexata. sanam, Jurnalistebis mier SeTxzuli liberaluri sazogadoebis interesebi ar gadailaxeba Zmuri SemarTebiT, qarTvelTa TviTganadgurebas bolo ar eqneba. jer kidev kidev hegelma biurgerul sazogadoebas „sulieri cxovelTa samyaro“ uwoda da im asociaciebis aucileblobas gausva xazi, romelic liberaluri interesebis dacvis sazRvrebis miRmaa. idealistebi zogjer ufro realistebi arian, vidre pragmatikosebi. magram es mTeli wignis Temaa, rogorc me mgonia.

Targmani: marika lafauri

konsultanti: zaza firaliSvili

interviu Caiwera: marika lafauri